TRANSLATION

DNA TRANSLATION

Translation is the process in which ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is a part of gene expression.

THE GENETIC CODE

THIS PROCESS INVOLVES SEVERAL KEY MOLECULES:

• mRNA Codon

• Ribosome (rRNA)

• tRNA anticodon
• 

•  The release factor

Translation proceeds in four phases:

• Amino acid activation:the amino acids (aa) are attached to their corresponding tRNA. The coupling reactions are catalysed by a group of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (named after the reaction product aminoacyl-tRNA or aa-tRNA).

• Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the target mrna. The first trna is attached at the start codon.

• Elongation: The trna transfers an amino acid to the trna corresponding to the next codon. The ribosome then moves (translocates) to the next mrna codon to continue the process, creating an amino acid chain.

• Termination: When a stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the polypeptide.

OVERVIEW OF DNA TRANSLATION